b'factorsareconsideredvariableandcanchange over time, which include income level, peer/social group, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and employmentstatus.Therearealsoindividual-levelriskfactors,whichmayincludeapersons genetic predisposition to substance use disorder or prenatal exposure to alcohol.Individual-level protective factors include positive self-image, self-control, or social competence. These factors do not live in isolation.Targeting only one context when addressing a persons risk orprotectivefactorsisunlikelytobesuccessful because people do not exist in isolation.Substance useamongyoungadultsisoftentheresultof multiplecontributingfactors.Youngadultsare influencedbytheirspecificpersonalitytraitsor genetics,andalsobytheirrelationshipswith others, the institutions and communities to whichFigure 13: Ecological model of risk and protective factorstheybelong,andthebroadersocietyinwhich those institutions are embedded. Risk Factors ProtectiveFactors that increase the likelihood of beginningFactors that directly decrease the likelihood of substance use, of regular and harmful use, andsubstance use and behavioral health problems or of other behavioral health problems associatedreduce the impact of risk factors on behavioral with use health problemsSource:Source: Substance Misuse Prevention for Young Adults Substance Misuse Prevention for Young AdultsCommon Risk Factors Common Protective FactorsEarly initiation of substance use Healthy diet, exercise, and developmentInternalizing behaviors (depression, anxiety,Reliable support and discipline from caregiverssocial withdrawal)Emotional self-regulationFamily history of substance abuse OptimismFamily conflict Good peer relationshipsAcademic failure Economic/financial security Availability of substancesFuture orientationLaws/norms favoring substance use, Set of moral beliefs firearms, crimeIncome and parental education Source: American Mental Wellness AssociationPage 18 of 20Greater Monadnock Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP)Nov. 2020'